RESUMO
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, autoimmune, multisystemic, potentially fatal disease that commonly affects young women between puberty and menopause. It is a multifactorial disease associated with an elevated risk of premature death. The diagnosis is complex due to the broad clinical spectrum as well as the severity at the time of presentation. It is based on clinical manifestations and complementary studies of antibodies. Diagnostic criteria are not available, and classification criteria, such as the ACR/EULAR (American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism) of 2019 are often used for diagnosis. Despite its clinical heterogeneity, SLE is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple systems, and its early diagnosis is essential to avoid damage to vital organs and improve clinical outcomes. This case report shows atypical manifestations of a patient with neuropsychiatric and dermatological symptoms that were essential within the clinical picture to make the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus.
RESUMO
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect any organ with a predisposition for women of reproductive age. It is related to a higher risk of cardiovascular events, increasing it up to 50 times in young people, and 30% of deaths are attributed to coronary artery disease. The risk of developing cardiovascular disease in SLE is related not only to traditional cardiovascular risks factors such as advanced age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes but also to disease-specific factors, such as degree of activity, autoantibodies, organ damage, and treatment. Accelerated atherosclerosis is one of the main contributors to pathogenesis. Manifestations range from angina to acute myocardial infarction and sudden death. Markers have been studied for the detection of subclinical disease and stratification of these patients, as well as different treatment options to improve the cardiovascular prognosis of the disease.
